Translating Molecules into Messages: Analysing Public Trust and Media Representation of Natural Drug Research

Abstract

Natural drug research based on medicinal plants and traditional knowledge has gained increasing scientific and public attention in India. Advances in molecular biology and pharmacology have helped validate several plant-derived compounds that are widely used in traditional healthcare systems. However, the way this scientific progress is communicated to the public remains uneven. Media coverage of natural drugs often highlights cultural heritage, spirituality, or “miracle cure” narratives, while detailed scientific evidence and research limitations receive limited attention. Such patterns of communication can strongly influence how people understand and trust scientific research. This review examines how natural drug research is represented in Indian media and how these representations shape public trust in science. Using examples such as arjunolic acid from Terminalia arjuna studied for cardiovascular health, bioactive compounds from Garcinia morella associated with gut health and blood pressure regulation, and curcumin from Curcuma longa known for its anti-inflammatory properties, the paper highlights the gap between laboratory-based evidence and public understanding. Drawing on Framing Theory and existing research on trust in science, the review synthesises literature from biomedical sciences, ethnopharmacology, and mass communication studies. The analysis suggests that culturally familiar and emotionally engaging narratives may increase public interest, but they can also lead to misunderstanding, unrealistic expectations, and scepticism when scientific processes are not clearly explained. The paper argues for stronger collaboration between scientists and mass communication professionals to ensure accurate, transparent, and responsible communication of natural drug research. Improving science communication can help preserve traditional knowledge, enhance scientific literacy, and strengthen public trust in biomedical research in India.