Advances in Gel Propellant Technology for Space Applications: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Recent advancements in space propulsion technology have highlighted the growing importance of gel propellants as a viable alternative to conventional liquid and solid propellants. This comprehensive review examines the recent developments in gel propellant technology, focusing particularly on the innovative use of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a gelling agent with ethanol. The research demonstrates significant progress in addressing key challenges in space propulsion, including safety, controllability, and environmental impact. Through extensive analysis of physical properties, performance characteristics, and practical applications, this review synthesizes current knowledge and identifies promising directions for future research. The findings indicate that while gel propellants show lower energy density compared to traditional rocket fuels, their advantages in terms of safety, thrust control, and environmental sustainability make them particularly suitable for specific space applications.