Presentation of ocular surface squamous neoplasia, its demographic, histopathological analysis

Abstract

Studying the presentation of Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) with analysis of its demographic and histopathological characteristics was the aim of this study. This case series of 38 suspected OSSN cases presenting over 24 months analyzed clinical, demographic, and histopathological data. Five discrete variables (Gender, Laterality, Location, Keratinisation, size) and their association with invasive disease were assessed using Chi-square and Fisher's tests. Results showed male predominance (71.8%), high prevalence in elderly (63.15% >60 years), rural areas (76.31%), and sun-exposed occupations (Agriculture 36.8%, Labourers 39.4%). OSSN commonly presented as visible masses (63.15%) and nodular types (60.52%). Invasive disease occurred in 56.25% of cases, with large tumor size significantly associated (p-value: 0.01). Histopathological evidence of solar damage was prevalent. The study concludes that OSSN is common in the Bundelkhand region, affecting sun-damaged ocular surfaces, primarily in rural, elderly men. Larger tumors were associated with invasive lesions, emphasizing the need for careful surgical management and close follow-up.